The integral value of breastfeeding in public health

Abstract

Introduction: Breastfeeding was presented as one of the most significant practices in the history of public health and infant nutrition. It was recognized not only for its biological and nutritional contributions, but also for its cultural, emotional and social dimension. Over time, its role in the survival of the newborn, in the consolidation of the mother-child bond and in the promotion of integral wellbeing was highlighted. However, difficulties related to myths, lack of knowledge and sociocultural barriers that limited its continuity and effectiveness were also identified.
Development: The analysis showed that breastfeeding guaranteed unique nutrients and essential immunological defenses for the baby, while strengthening the mother's physical and emotional health. It was observed that this process was mediated by hormonal factors such as oxytocin and prolactin, which favored both milk production and emotional attachment. In addition, it was documented that the practice of breastfeeding contributed to the family economy and environmental sustainability. However, frequent problems such as cracked nipples, the perception of low milk production and erroneous beliefs were highlighted, which generated early interruptions and the incorporation of artificial formulas.
Conclusions: It was concluded that breastfeeding transcended the biological to become an integral phenomenon involving health, culture and emotions. Its benefits encompassed nutritional, immunological, psychological, economic and environmental dimensions. At the same time, it became evident that its practice depended on adequate professional support, education for mothers and sociocultural and labor support. Finally, it was affirmed that guaranteeing breastfeeding as a right and protected practice was essential for maternal and child well-being and sustainable social development.